1 · Density of states N(E)
2 · Fermi–Dirac f(E)
3 · Carriers n(E), p(E)
The three plots share one energy axis. The orange dashed line is EF — identically f(EF) = ½. Shaded areas in plot 3 show shape (DOS × occupancy), not the absolute n0 on the dashboard.
Live calculation
Set point
ni(T)
Majority
Minority
- n0 p0
- ni2
- EF
- Ei (midgap)
- EF − Ei = kT ln(n0/ni)
Cause → effect
Mass-action is the product constraint. Fermi–Dirac is the occupancy curve. EF is the one number that makes them agree with the doping you set.